Sonntag, 16. Januar 2011

Englische Zeiten (Tenses Aktiv) Grammar

Tenses – Zeiten (Aktiv)

Present tense / Simple present
Gegenwart
Gibt Auskunft über ein Geschehen in der Gegenwart oder über die Tatsache, dass etwas in der Gegenwart passiert oder vorhanden ist. Es drückt auch eine Regelmäßigkeit aus, zum Beispiel, dass jemand Schüler ist (nicht nur jetzt gerade, sondern grundsätzlich.) Es gibt nicht den aktuellen Verlauf einer Handlung wieder.

Signalwörter u. a.: usually, always, normally

Regel: Subjekt + Verb (in der 3. Person Singular kommt ein „s“ ans Verb.

Beispiele:
I work
you work
he works
she works
it works
we work
you work
they work

The man always drives the car on his own.
Der Mann fährt das Auto stets selber.
You sometimes take the umbrella of Mr. Smith.
Du nimmst manchmal den Regenschirm von Herrn Smith.

I am
you are
he is
she is
it is
we are
you are
they are


Present Progressive / Present Continuous
Verlaufsform in der Gegenwart
Im Gegensatz zur normalen Gegenwart (present tense) gibt das Progressive immer Auskunft über den Verlauf einer Handlung. Das Handlungsgeschehen passiert jetzt gerade und wird beschrieben.

Signalwörter u. a.: at the moment, now, right now

Regel: Subjekt + Form von „to be“ (present) + Verb + „ing“

Beispiele:
I am working
you are working
he is working
she is working
it is working
we are working
you are working
they are working

At the moment the man is driving the car on his own.
Im Augenblick fährt der Mann das Auto selber (ist gerade dabei, das Auto selber zu fahren)

You are taking the umbrella of Mr. Smith now.
Du bist jetzt gerade dabei, den Regenschirm von Herrn Smith zu nehmen.

I am beeing
you are beeing
he is beeing
she is beeing
it is beeing
we are beeing
you are beeing
they are beeing


Simple Past / Past tense
Vergangenheit (Präteritum, Imperfekt)
Gibt Auskunft über ein Geschehen in der Vergangenheit oder über die Tatsache, dass etwas in der Vergangenheit passierte und auch abgeschlossen ist. Es drückt auch eine Regelmäßigkeit in der Vergangenheit aus, zum Bsp., dass jemand früher Schüler war. Es gibt nicht den Verlauf einer Handlung in der Vergangenheit wieder.

Signalwörter u. a.: yesterday, last week, last year, recently

Regel: Subjekt + 2. Form vom Verb
(bei regelmäßigen Verben Endung „ed“)

Beispiele:
I worked
you worked
he worked
she worked
it worked
we worked
you worked
they worked

Yesterday the man drove the car on his own.
Gestern fuhr der Mann das Auto selber.

Last week you took the umbrella of Mr. Smith.
Letzte Woche nahmstDu den Regenschirm von Herrn Smith.

I was
you were
he was
she was
it was
we were
you were
they were


Past progressive / Past continuous
Verlaufsform in der Vergangenheit
Im Gegensatz zur normalen Vergangenheit (past tense) gibt das Past Progressive immer Auskunft über den Verlauf einer Handlung, die aber eben schon abgeschlossen ist.

Regel: Subjekt + Form von „to be“ (past) + Verb + „ing“

Beispiele:
I was working
you were working
he was working
she was working
it was working
we were working
you were working
they were working

Yesterday the man was driving the car on his own for the whole morning.
Gestern früh war der Mann dabei, die ganze Zeit das Auto selber zu fahren.

You were taking the umbrella of Mr. Smith when I entered the room.
Als ich zur Tür herein kam, warst Du gerade dabei, den Regenschirm von Herrn Smith zu nehmen.

I was beeing
you were beeing
he was beeing
she was beeing
it was beeing
we were beeing
you were beeing
they were beeing


Present perfect
Vorvergangenheit / Perfekt
Gibt Auskunft über ein Geschehen, das in der Vergangenheit angefangen hat und immer noch andauert oder aber gerade eben beendet ist.

Signalwörter u. a.: just, for, since

Regel: Subjekt + have / has + 3. Form vom Verb
(bei der 3. Person Singular wird „has“ statt „have“ benutzt.

Beispiele:
I have worked
you have worked
he has worked
she has worked
it has worked
we have worked
you have worked
they have worked

The man has just driven the car on his own.
Der Mann hat soeben das Auto selber gefahren.

You have taken the umbrella of Mr. Smith for weeks now.
Du hast den Regenschirm von Herrn Smith nun schon seit Wochen genommen.

I have been
you have been
he has been
she has been
it has been
we have been
you have been
they have been


Past perfect
Plusquamperfekt
Gibt Auskunft über ein Geschehen, das in der Vergangenheit liegt und in einem Verhältnis zu einem Geschehen steht, das ebenfalls in der Vergangenheit statt gefunden hat. Also: Zwei Handlungen, von denen eine noch früher statt gefunden hat.

Regel: Subjekt + had + 3. Form vom Verb

Beispiele:
I had worked
you had worked
he had worked
she had worked
it had worked
we had worked
you had worked
they had worked

Before I drove the car the man had driven the car on his own.
Bevor ich das Auto fuhr, hatte der Mann das Auto selber gefahren.

You had taken the umbrella of Mr. Smith before I noticed it.
Du hattest den Regenschirm von Herrn Smith genommen, bevor ich es merkte.

I had been
you had been
he had been
she had been
it had been
we had been
you had been
they had been


Present perfect progressive
Verlaufsform im Perfekt
Gibt Auskunft über einen Verlauf eines Geschehen, das in der Vergangenheit angefangen hat und immer noch andauert oder aber gerade eben beendet ist.

Regel: Subjekt + Form von „to be“ (present perfect) + Verb + „ing“

Beispiele:
I have been working
you have been working
he has been working
she has been working
it has been working
we have been working
you have been working
they have been working

The man has been driving the car on his own for hours.
Der Mann ist dabei gewesen, das Auto selber über Stunden zu fahren.

You have been taking the umbrella of Mr. Smith quite a long time.
Du bist recht lange dabei gewesen, den Regenschirm von Herrn Smith zu nehmen.

I have been being
you have been being
he has been being
she has been being
it has been being
we have been being
you have been being
they have been being


Past perfect progressive
Verlaufsform im Plusquamperfekt
Gibt Auskunft über einen Verlauf eines Geschehen, das in der Vergangenheit liegt und in einem Verhältnis zu einem Geschehen steht, das ebenfalls in der Vergangenheit statt gefunden hat. Also: Zwei Handlungen, von denen eine noch früher statt gefunden hat.

Regel: Subjekt + Form von „to be“ (past perfect) + Verb + „ing“

Beispiele:
I had been working
you had been working
he had been working
she had been working
it had been working
we had been working
you had been working
they had been working

Before I drove the car the man had been driving the car on his own for quite a long time.
Bevor ich das Auto fuhr, war der Mann dabei gewesen, das Auto lange Zeit selber zu fahren.

You had been taking the umbrella of Mr. Smith before I noticed it.
Du warst dabei gewesen, den Regenschirm von Herrn Smith zu nehmen, bevor ich es merkte.

I had been beeing
you had been beeing
he had been beeing
she had been beeing
it had been beeing
we had been beeing
you had been beeing
they had been beeing


Future I
Zukunft / Futur
Gibt Auskunft über ein Geschehen oder eine Tatsache, die in der Zukunft liegt. Es schildert nicht unbedingt meinen Willen aus, etwas in der Zukunft zu tun. (Vgl. Future mit „going to“)

Regel: Subjekt + will + Verb

Beispiele:
I will work
you will work
he will work
she will work
it will work
we will work
you will work
they will work

The man will drive the car on his own when he gets back his driving license.
Der Mann wird das Auto selber fahren, wenn er seinen Führerschein zurückbekommt.

You will take the umbrella of Mr. Smith when it’s rainy outside.
Du wirst den Regenschirm von Herrn Smith nehmen, wenn es draußen regnet.

I will be
you will be
he will be
she will be
it will be
we will be
you will be
they will be


Future II
Zweite Zukunft / Perfekt Zukunft / Vollendete Zukunft
Gibt Auskunft über ein Geschehen, das in der Zukunft stattfindet, aber in einem Verhältnis zu einem anderen Geschehen steht, das auch in der Zukunft stattfindet. (Vgl. auch Verhältnis Past Perfect).

Regel: Subjekt + will + have + 3. Form vom Verb

Beispiele:
I will have worked
you will have worked
he will have worked
she will have worked
it will have worked
we will have worked
you will have worked
they will have worked

Before I will get the keys of the car the man will have driven the car on his own.
Bevor ich die Autoschlüssel erhalten werde, wird der Mann das Auto schon gefahren haben.

You will have taken the umbrella of Mr. Smith before I will even notice it.
Du wirst den Regenschirm von Herrn Smith längst genommen haben, bevor ich das merke.

I will have been
you will have been
he will have been
she will have been
it will have been
we will have been
you will have been
they will have been


Future mit „going to“
Zukunft mit „going to“
Gibt Auskunft über ein Geschehen, das in der Zukunft stattfindet und das ich mir als Plan vornehme. Die Zeit wird auch verwendet, wenn ich in Begriff bin, gleich etwas zu tun.

Regel: Subjekt + Form von „to be“ (present) + „going to“ + Verb

Beispiele:
I am going to work
you are going to work
he is going to work
she is going to work
it is going to work
we are going to work
you are going to work
they are going to work

The man is going to drive the car on his own in some minutes.
Der Mann hat vor, das Auto gleich selber zu fahren.

You are going to take the umbrella of Mr. Smith because it has started to rain.
Du wirst gleich den Regenschirm von Herrn Smith nehmen, da es gerade angefangen hat zu regnen.

I am going to be
you are going to be
he is going to be
she is going to be
it is going to be
we are going to be
you are going to be
they are going to be


Future I Progressive
Verlaufsform in der Zukunft
Gibt Auskunft über ein Geschehen oder eine Tatsache, die in der Zukunft liegt und dessen Verlauf näher beschrieben wird.

Regel: Subjekt + Form von „to be“ (future) + Verb + „ing“

Beispiele:
I will be working
you will be working
he will be working
she will be working
it will be working
we will be working
you will be working
they will be working

The man will be driving the car on his own for more than one hour, I am sure.
Ich bin sicher, dass der Mann das Auto für mehr als eine Stunde selber fahren wird.

It takes a lot of time when you will be taking the umbrella of Mr. Smith.
Es wird eine Weile dauern, wenn du dabei sein wirst, den Regenschirm von Herrn Smith zu nehmen.

I will be beeing
you will be beeing
he will be beeing
she will be beeing
it will be beeing
we will be beeing
you will be beeing
they will be beeing


Future II Progressive
Verlaufsform in der Perfekt Zukunft
Gibt Auskunft über den Verlauf eines Geschehens, das in der Zukunft stattfindet, aber in einem Verhältnis zu einem anderen Geschehen steht, das auch in der Zukunft stattfindet. (Vgl. auch Verhältnis Past Perfect progressive).

Regel: Subjekt + Form von „to be“ (future II) + Verb + „ing“

Beispiele:
I will have been working
you will have been working
he will have been working
she will have been working
it will have been working
we will have been working
you will have been working
they will have been working

The man will have been driving the car on his own for quite a long time before I will come back.
Bevor ich zurückkommen werde, wird der Mann das Auto schon für eine ganze Weile gefahren haben.

I will wait until you will have been taking the umbrella of Mr. Smith.
Ich werde solange warten, bis du den Regenschirm von Herrn Smith genommen haben wirst.

I will have been beeing
you will have been beeing
he will have been beeing
she will have been beeing
it will have been beeing
we will have been beeing
you will have been beeing
they will have been beeing


Conditional I
Konditional I
Gibt Auskunft über ein Geschehen, das nicht stattfindet, aber theoretisch noch stattfinden kann. Eine Möglichkeitsform oder „Würde-Form“.

Regel: Subjekt + would + Verb

Beispiele:
I would work
you would work
he would work
she would work
it would work
we would work
you would work
they would work

The man would drive the car on his own if he could.
Wenn er könnte, würde der Mann das Auto selber fahren.

I would take the umbrella if I could.
Ich würde den Regenschirm nehmen, wenn ich denn könnte.

I would be
you would be
he would be
she would be
it would be
we would be
you would be
they would be


Conditional II
Konditional II
Gibt Auskunft über ein Geschehen, das definitiv nicht mehr stattfinden kann. Eine Unmöglichkeitsform oder „Hätte-Form“.

Regel: Subjekt + would have + 3. Form vom Verb

Beispiele:
I would have worked
you would have worked
he would have worked
she would have worked
it would have worked
we would have worked
you would have worked
they would have worked

The man would have driven the car last sunday. But unfortunately he had no time.
Der Mann wäre letzten Sonntag mit dem Auto gefahren. Aber unglücklicherweise hatte er keine Zeit.

I would have taken the umbrella. But I could not find it.
Ich hätte den Regenschirm genommen. Aber ich konnte ihn nicht finden.

I would have been
you would have been
he would have been
she would have been
it would have been
we would have been
you would have been
they would have been


Conditional I Progressive
Verlaufsform im Konditional I
Gibt Auskunft über den Verlauf eines Geschehens, das nicht stattfindet, aber theoretisch noch stattfinden kann. Eine Möglichkeitsform oder „Würde-Form“ in der Verlaufsbeschreibung.

Regel: Subjekt + Form von „to be“ (Conditional I) + Verb + „ing“

Beispiele:
I would be working
you would be working
he would be working
she would be working
it would be working
we would be working
you would be working
they would be working

The man would be driving the car for hours. But he cannot find the keys.
Der Mann würde gerne das Auto stundenlang fahren. Aber er kann die Schlüssel nicht finden.

I would be taking the umbrella. But it costs too much time to take it.
Ich würde den Regnschirm nehmen. Aber es kostet mich zu viel Zeit.

I would be beeing
you would be beeing
he would be beeing
she would be beeing
it would be beeing
we would be beeing
you would be beeing
they would be beeing


Conditional II Progressive
Verlaufsform im Konditional II
Gibt Auskunft über den Verlauf eines Geschehens, das definitiv nicht mehr stattfinden kann. Eine Unmöglichkeitsform oder „Hätte-Form“ in der Verlaufsbeschreibung.

Regel: Subjekt + Form von „to be“ (Conditional II) + Verb + „ing“

Beispiele:
I would have been working
you would have been working
he would have been working
she would have been working
it would have been working
we would have been working
you would have been working
they would have been working

The man would have been driving the car. But he had no driving license.
Der Mann hätte den Wagen gerne gefahren (hier kommt es auf den Verlauf des Fahrens an). Aber er hatte keinen Führerschein.

I would have been taking the umbrella. But I had not time for it.
Ich hätte den Regenschirm an mich genommen. Aber ich hatte dafür keine Zeit.

I would have been beeing
you would have been beeing
he would have been beeing
she would have been beeing
it would have been beeing
we would have been beeing
you would have been beeing
they would have been beeing

2 Kommentare:

  1. Vielen Dank kann ich super gebrauchen :-D
    Ich wollte fragen ob sie das auch für Passiv erstellen könnten das wäre super toll =D

    AntwortenLöschen
  2. Freut mich. Passiv ist vorhanden, oder etwa nicht...? Muss ich nochmal kontrollieren.

    AntwortenLöschen